Identity Should Form a Part of Any Pedagogical Theory and...

Introduction My discovering my own identity doesnt mean that I work it out in isolation, but that I negotiate it through dialogue, partly overt, partly internal, with others...My own identity crucially depends on my dialogical relations with others (Taylor, 1995, as cited in Abbey, 2000). If dialogical relations form the basis of how we understand ourselves in the world, it figures is should also form a part of any pedagogical theory and practice. While this is not the only consideration for a teacher, it provides a centre from which a number of useful educative considerations can be made. Firstly: students come with identities that are informed by many dialogical relations and that they learn by being in social communities. Secondly:†¦show more content†¦Through active engagement with students, teachers assess students competencies and continually adjust the guidance and learning support as necessary (O’Donnell, 2012, p. 114). This is where Vygotskys zone of proximal development (ZPD) becomes a valuable theoretical tool. The ZPD is the distance between the actual developmental level, as specified by autonomous problem solving, and the level of possible development determined via problem solving in collaboration with more capable peers (Schunk, 2012, p. 243). According to Vygotsky, the ZPD is critical to teaching for it is where cognitive development occurs (O’Donnell, 2012, p. 114). Teaching in the ZPD requires the teacher and student to share cultural tools. However, students do not passively receive cultural knowledge from these mediated interactions (Schunk, 2012). Students come to the exchange with their own understandings to social interactions and construct meanings by integrating those understandings with their experiences in the context (Schunk, 2012, p. 244). The ZPD very clearly establishes learning as a moment situated in a social exchange. It also establishes the role of the teacher as n ot only guide, but as assessor of the ZPD. This requires constant dialectic engagement on the teachers behalf. Perhaps what is missing in terms of a constructivist approach in Janes class is that while she does offer the students an opportunity to chose theirShow MoreRelatedStudent-Teacher Relationships in Teacher Program Education s629 Words   |  3 Pagestime neglected in Teacher Education Programs. Making the student to use the dictionary may be not among any canonical response to the problem (not knowing the concept of condensation). It may be thought that it should have been better to tell the Student Teacher to prepare more consciously the key concepts of the lesson next time. We agree. But we also believe that any form of knowledge should be considered valid as far as it is useful when dealing with practical situations. For us we have in thisRead MoreApplication Of Microaggression Theory Study Caste Based Discrimination1558 Words   |  7 PagesMicroaggression theory to study caste-based discrimination: â€Å"Every black child will recognize and defend promptly and adequately against every offensive micro-aggression. In this way, the toll that is registered after accumulation of such insults should be markedly reduced (Pierce, 1970, p. 280)†. Since more than two-decade higher education institutions in the U.S. have recognized issues of diversity and discrimination. Studies on diversity and discrimination are mainly grounded in race and identity issuesRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Construction On Society Curriculum3224 Words   |  13 Pagessocial construction, of the fabric of education, pairs with the educational practices. How very important it is to pay attention to how human nature, our capabilities, extremes, and relationship with the world effects knowledge gained, constructed, and delivered. In effect, a critical pedagogical stance enters into the conversation because it incorporates what teachers should know to be able to improve their practices, to better assist with understanding how an effective marriage between teachingRead MoreThe Classroom : The Dynamics Of The Hidden Curriculum, By Henry Giroux And Anthony Penna1951 Words   |  8 PagesCurriculum,† Henry Giroux and Anthony Penna discuss three app roaches to educational theory that have helped to illuminate the socializing role of schools and the meaning and structure of the hidden curriculum. In this article those three theories are labeled structional-functional view, phenomenological view, and radical critical view (often associated with the neo-Marxist analysis of educational theory and practice). Each of these views share dramatically different assumptions about the meaning ofRead MoreRacism : A Long Way Down The American History1426 Words   |  6 Pagesdown the American history. It came as a result of slavery which began in 1619 when African slaves were brought to Jamestown, Virginia, which was an American colony in the North, to help in producing crops such as tobacco. Slavery was then a common practice in all American colonies through the 17th and 18th centuries, where African slaves helped in building the economic foundations of the now American nation. Slavery was then spread to the South in 1793, with the new inv ention of the cotton gin. AboutRead MoreThe Discussion Of Teaching Sex Education1558 Words   |  7 Pagessexuality its ideas, affects, movements and practices. In sex education schools create a space in which students and teachers can potentially think together about the pleasures and risks of sexuality. However, in school-based sex education for youth, especially though but not only in North America, when it comes to talking about sex thoughts of teenage pregnancy, AIDS, and STIs, gay suicide and date rape are usually the main ideas (30). Sex education should be taught to high school freshman so thatRead More Creative Writing in the Composition Classroom Essay3578 Words   |  15 Pagesto think through their writing (at least the good ones do). There is a certain well-accepted style to teaching writing in the traditional composition class, and it works very well for many students and teachers. However, should the line of comfort be crossed, and if so, how? Should composition instructors grab a hold of a different writing style, making it the focal point of their pedagogies in their writing classes? More importantly, if they do, what good would come of it? In an essay in herRead MoreReflection Of A Pedagogical Statement Essay1808 Words   |  8 PagesIn this pedagogical statement I will be reflecting on and confronting my understandings about play. I will be showing this by sharing two moments of play I have been involved with during practicums. I will be covering links between understandings of play and my own practice, the problematic nature of play with respect to the role of the teacher, aspirations for very young learners in the 21st century, highlighting the role of play in developing creativity, communication and citizenship, and my avocationRead MoreEssay on pop culture2997 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction Technological advancements the last decades have contributed to the creation of a globalized era, with the English language as a common denominator, as the major language spoken between those who do not share any language. Globalization have made it possible for an extreme output of popular culture that has mainly origins of English speaking countries with U.S.A. as the main exporter of popular culture through music, movies, television etc. In this essay I explore the positiveRead MoreCase Study : Principal Decision Makers1734 Words   |  7 Pagescreated for faculty and that faculty will have a voice in the advising discussion. Theories When looking at a rapidly changing student body and campus it is important to survey the institutional environment and its effect on students. With a growing number of students on campus and an increasing number of first-generation students attending the campus the work of Johnson, Soldner, Leonard and Alvarez (2007) should be highlighted. Within their research, they pointed out that first-year students of

Hurricane Igor Free Essays

When going to cnn. com I found that right away it had the link that I could click on to see all of the information about how Bermuda is bracing for hurricane Igor. Also, there are links that you can click on to view videos and live feed to see how bad it actually is. We will write a custom essay sample on Hurricane Igor or any similar topic only for you Order Now This site tells you everything you need to know such as sustained winds, the wind gust, and the latitude and longitude of the hurricane. The one thing I found interesting is it gives you a picture of the projected path that it is going. It also tells you what category, or size, the hurricane is. As of right now CNN is saying that hurricane Igor is going to affect the United States east coast over the weekend. CNN also gives you a link that you can recommend this website to people on your Facebook. This is a good thing on their part because with the Facebook link people can like it and see this article on your Facebook. They can see that you went to this site and they might look at it and like it too. This means more publicity for CNN and more people will view the top stories on there. CNN has a big article on how sever and damaging hurricane Igor is. CNN also tells you about any other hurricanes or tropical storms that were or are going to be dangerous to the east coast or Bermuda and what their projected paths are. When I went onto MSNBC. com I found the article right away, with big bold letters that say â€Å"Bermuda braces for ‘long and punishing’ Igor. † This right away attracted me to click on that headline so I can get more information on the weather and Igor. After clicking on the link there is a big picture of someone boarding their house up to keep it safe. Down at the bottom of the website it gives you three options that you can tell people about this story. You can email this story to a friend, you can share it on Facebook or you can share it on twitter. These are three main ways that people can spread this story to others so that they are aware of how sever the hurricane is. MSNBC. com also gives you a huge, well detailed article written by Elizabeth Roberts. She stated how sever the weather was in the beginning of the week. It was a category four in the beginning of the week and it has now gone down to a category two hurricane. The reporter talks about the sustained winds and the location of hurricane Igor. She tells you where it is headed and where it is going to impact. They also have this interactive tracker that shows you three different hurricanes and you can click on each one to find out how sever each one is and where it is headed. This gets updated every couple of minutes. You can also put in your address and it will give you the 5 day forecast. You can also click on a link that will give you archives of previous storms. FOXnews. com was one if the difficult websites for me. I went to their site and I didn’t see anything on hurricane Igor that caught my attention. I had to really look for this story, and I found it as I scrolled down and there is a little box that has the latest news, most read, and videos. The Bermuda story was far down the list and you had to click on the link to go to the story. When going into this article, there are no pictures of hurricane Igor, it is all words. This site gives you an article by Rick Leventhal, in which he writes about hurricane Igor. In this article he states that hurricane Igor is a category two hurricane and how it makes landfall with sustained winds near 110 miles per hour, gusting to 130. Fox news also tells you that the last major storm was back in 2003. So that is a paragraph that was interesting because it showed how they haven’t had one since then. It gives you how a hotel business has gone down by 50% since hurricane season started; this isn’t good for Bermudas economy. You cannot share this with anyone on face book or twitter but there is a place that you can leave comments and you can get follow up via email if anyone comments on this story. There is a link that you can click on that will take you to the author’s biography. It also gives you a list of all the articles he has written and there are someone other hurricanes on there. There are many similar things that all of these websites have such as telling everyone where the hurricane is located. It also describes in detail the wind gust and when it is suspected to hit the targeted area. Now when it comes to the difference there is a bunch of them. CNN from the beginning of the home page gives you a picture to look at, but also gives you a link to click on so you can view more. When you are looking on CNN you can see how they use bold writing when it comes to the sustained wind and wind gust, also the latitude and longitude. MSNBC on the other hand uses the hurricane interactive tracker to tell you all of that. I found that this is very detailed and very helpful. It is a different kind of tool that you can use to really see where hurricanes are going and who will be affected by them. MSNBC and CNN give you the option to send the information to someone by emailing, facebooking, or placing it on twitter. This helps them get more viewers and makes their rating go up for how many people view the website. Fox news on the other hand is not at all appealing for the weather. You have to really look for the article and when you find it, all it gives you is the article. The difference here is that there is not enough information for me about the hurricane, Igor. How to cite Hurricane Igor, Essay examples

Blaming Khrushchev for the Cuban Missile Crisis Is Wrong free essay sample

Blaming khrushchev for the Cuban missile crisis is wrong, for it is kennedy who precipitated the crisis and no one else. Cuban missile crisis does not consist only the placement of missiles in cuba , but also the things before it, cubas nationalization of industries ,like the bop, the embargoes , the soviet giving of aid to ussr, Subject: outbreak / origins of the Cuban missile crisis Focus: role of superpower involvement Timeframe : 1959 to 1962 Keyterms to note: precipitation of crisis Arguments 1. Khrushchev was to be blamed as well as kennedy 2. Only krushchev should be blamed The personalities of who was to be blamed for the Cuban missile crisis can be traced as one looks at the events in th1950s which led to Cubas deteriorating relations with the USA and its subsequent alignment with the USSR, which led to the placement of missiles in Cuba and the consequent tensions that followed. This relations has its origins in the quest for self interest by newly elected leader, Fido Castro, as while as search for national security by both superpowers from the tension passed down from the cold war in Europe ( qualify). Kennedys search for national security precipitated the crisis when his search translated into actions that directly went against Cuba and pushed Cuba away from the US and into support of the USSR. Kennedy failed to consider that Castros intention to establishing diplomatic relations with the USSR was not to antagonize the US or threaten its national security but mostly for economic benefits. ( the US had earlier refused to grant a loan to Cuba and there were continuing disputes over American property in Cuba). This failure to interpret events correctly led US on its intense quest for national security by instituting economic embargoes on Cuba and direct intervention as seen in the Bay of Pigs invasion. However, such actions were needlessly aggressive for its national security was not threatened in the first place. This however caused a deep rift in the US-soviet relations which was an opportunity for USSR to gain a foothold in the Caribbean ; and thus allowed the opportunity for issiles to be placed on Cuba and arising to the tensions that followed. Khrushchev had a part to play in the Cuba missile crisis as well because his action of giving aid to Cuba, a traditional backyard of the USSR, further fuelled the already intense mistrust the US had of the USSR; eventually cumulating in the Cuban missile crisis, leaving Cuba on the edge of brinkmanship. The role of Castro in starting economic reforms directly affecting American industries also contributed to the US suspicions in the crisis. His actions of turning to the USSR for economic aid ( even though he was not communist) also reinforced US perceptions, and his final agreement for missiles to be placed in Cuba (although he knew the implications of doing so) was the ultimate trigger for USs knee-jerk response and the subsequent tensions that followed. Kennedys misinterpretation of Castros actions ( aligning close to the USSR)-as threatening its national security- stemmed from his perception of monolithic communist aggression and the loss of china to communism. communism expousedeventual showdown and triumph over capitalism. Communism has already extended to parts outside Europe such as China, and as such national insecurity has grown; thus the need to safeguard their national security. This misinterpretation of Castros actions , coupled with Kennedys inexperience in dealing with world affairs, caused the US to embark on its quest for national security through economic embargoes on Cuba the initial bay of pigs as a direct intervention . However, such actions were needlessly aggressive for its national security was not threatened in the first place when castros intentions were for economic benefits rather than to deliberately antagonize the US. Furthermore, due to his inexperience,Instead of turning to diplomatic action, kennedy set on the institution of a military solution (With the aim was to oust Castro from power and to reverse the effects of the reforms) caused Castros fear of more direct American intervention ( demonstrated by the case of Guatamalan) and the desire for military protection in anticipation of it and to seek protection from future efforts to unseat his revolution. This further motivated Castros shift to the USSR and his subsequent nationalizing of American owned industries, banks, etc, which created the conditions for the Cuban missile crisis to happen. Castros shift to the USSR directly coincided with Khrushchevs quest for a successful foreign policy and need to address nuclear strategic imbalance. Khrushchevs search for USSRs national security could be traced from the need to spread the Solidarity movement worldwide, to extend communist zeal into Cuba so that there would be countries supporting USSR and its line of communism. his need aroused due to events like the humiliation of the Berlin wall and the failed ultimatum over berlin, where the credibility of krushchev (in narrow terms) and Khrushchev( in broad terms) was lost. Krushchev also believed that it was right for soviets to extend their influence into the backyard of the us since the US has extended their influence in Europe. khrushchevwas aware of the weakness of Soviet weakness in terms of the number of nuclear warheads and missiles. Given the weakness of Soviet nuclear capability , placing missiles on cuba could be a quick solution to addressing the strategic imbalance. Khrushchev also had an overtly simplistic view that he must return the same medicine the us had been administering in turkey with the jupiter and thor missiles. thus his action of sending missiles to Cuba. However, the US did not see developments in the way that the USSR did. The US saw the placement of missiles as a provocative and aggressive threat to US security, given that the Soviet missiles could reach major US cities on the eastern coast. The fact that the US had seen Soviet tendencies to lead to aggression against the capitalists from the soviet testing of the atomic bomb, the collaboration with stalin during the nazi soviet pact, and the confrontational Berlin Blockade led the US to think that not only was Cuba turning communist ( that the USSR had indeed extended her sphere of influence and Cuba was a breeding ground for states hostile to the US, followed by states within Latin america), but the placement of missiles would mean a high probability of a pre-emptive first strike from the USSR . Put together with the fact that any changes with the political status qup (with US as a leading political power) would severely undermine the credibility of kennedy and america, and how the US was not prepared to forsake economic interests in Latin America where western Europe can overcome its dollar shortage and pursue economic revival, atop of its search for national security, the uss response was to choose a quarantine. alsothey to produce plans for an American invasion of Cuba and put all American bases around the world on high alert with the expectation that an American nvasion of cuba would provoke a soviet response in Europe. This equated to the intensification of the nuclear arms race when clearly it was dangerous; and led the countries to be on the edge of mutually assured destruction. as it reached crisis level It threatened the existence of the entire world. While it is undeniable that the issue that kickstarted the intensification of the nuclear arms was the soviet placem ent of missiles in cuba, it should be noted that both superpowers played a part in their quest for national security and self-interest. Kennedys perception of monolithic communist aggression led it to its attempts to try to cripple Cuba to prevent it from posing any threat to the US national security through the institution of actions that were needlessly hostile towards Cuba, causing it to turn to the USSR. This granted the USSR the opportunity to place its missiles there to address nuclear strategic parity and to spread the zeal of communism to safeguard its national security; which was again viewed as aggression by the US. This led to the oncoming of the Cuban missile crisis, where the nuclear arms race threatened the existence of the entire world.

Young Muslims in Britain today have many problems in following their religion Essay Example

Young Muslims in Britain today have many problems in following their religion Essay Young Muslims in Britain today have many problems in following their religion. Do you agree? Give reasons to support your answer and show that you have thought about different points of view.I think that young Muslims in Britain today experience many problems following their religion. The main reason for these difficulties is education. Education is important to every teenager and so it is to Muslims, especially Islamic education. There are about 2 million Muslims living in Britain and around half a million of them are children of compulsory school age ( 5-16 ) attending county schools. Most of the Muslim children here are born in this country. Their parents are very concerned about the difficulties in their children following their religion as they dont want them to lose their faith and the cultural of Islam to be lost because Islamic education is not included in the national curriculum in Britain.They want them to learn about their own religion because Islam is their life so they w ould want their children to have an Islamic education as well as a British one. Muslims would not be able to learn things about their own religion in British state schools e.g. the Quran, Arabic and their own culture. This would be a part of their education if they went to a special Islamic school. But in Britain, Muslims are still struggling to get publicly funded Islamic schools. Opponents to these schools say that girls particularly would be disadvantaged in an Islamic system. Nevertheless there are 43 Muslim private secondary schools and one or two look like getting voluntary-aided status. Feversham college, an all girl Muslim secondary school in Bradford is hoping to move into a former Catholic school. The headmistress, whos a Muslim, was educated at a Catholic school, We are educating the children to take their place in society. They are part of their community first, but also part of a wider community. First of all, we need to make them aware of what makes the foundation of t heir identity Islam. As Muslim women they need to understand their relationship with their creator and then with their fellow human beings, whether they go on to higher education, get married or whatever.Many Muslim parents think that schools in Britain are not strict enough; there are more rules, rules that are probably relevant to the Islamic regulations and obligations in Islamic schools. Not only do Muslims parents find it difficult to accept some parts of the state school curriculum in Britain but they are also dissatisfied by the methodology of teaching.In 1984, there were several hundred Muslim girls under 16 who were not attending school. Some of them were certainly being kept at home illegally. People within the Islamic community said Your schools are not good enough, your discipline ethos and non-Islamic values are not acceptable. Unless you do something about this, well not send your daughters to school.Lets consider some of the problems Muslim teenagers might face in sc hools :School MealsIn Islam, Muslims are only allowed to have halal meat all vegetables an any animal which has been killed according to Islamic regulation with the Bismillah blessing said over it but they are not allowed to eat any products coming from a pig. If the animal is not slaughtered in the Islamic way, then its harem ( forbidden ) this is the meat itself and all its derivatives lard, animal fats, gelatine etc. This could be a problem for teenagers in state schools in Britain because the school canteen probably dont provide the halal meat that Muslims are allowed to eat.To deal with this problem, some Local Education Authorities ( LEAs ) have already made the move of providing halal food in some school canteens. The LEAs say that schools with Muslim children who cannot provide halal food in the canteen should make sure that Muslim children get a choice of vegetarian food and that all ingredients should be clearly displayed.School UniformAs mentioned in R2, Muslims have t o follow the Islamic dress code and so does the Muslim teenagers. This could be a problem for Muslim teenagers as most state schools in Britain require wearing a school uniform. Islam requires boys and girls to conform at all times to the dress regulations. Modesty is the main consideration. After puberty, girls dress should be loose fitting which covers most of their body. Some will want to wear a headscarf with the full traditional dress which covers the whole of the body except for the face and the hands. Some less strict Muslims will just wear a headscarf. This has caused some conflicts between the parents and the schools as some girls have been banned from wearing the headscarf. Schools should be more understanding towards the Muslim teenagers in school. They should recognise the fact that they need to fulfil their Islamic obligations.Some schools have become less strict on this matter. Some let Muslim girls in school to wear loose fitting trousers under their skirts.The Islami c obligations on dress code also means that it will be hard for Muslims to have P.E lessons or swimming lessons. Maybe schools should allow Muslim children to wear sportswear compatible with the Islamic dress code.The following extract is taken from a problems page in a Islamic teenage magazine in Britain :PrayingPraying is a big part of a Muslims life. It is a fard as salat is the second pillar of Islam. From the age of ten, every Muslim must pray five times a day at fixed times. This could be very inconvenient for Muslims in British state schools as the prayer times will fall within the school day, usually during the lunch and afternoon breaks. Some schools have been requested to provide facilities like a prayer room and a wash area to perform wudu. This could be very difficult for schools to do.RamadanWhen Muslims children fast, it can be very hard for them, especially if they are in a state school in Britain where the majority of the pupils are non-Muslims. A particular TV serie s on Channel 4 near the beginning of 2000 featured a Muslim boy who goes to a state school in Britain, trying to keep his fast during Ramadan. He had to force himself not to be tempted to break his fast during lunchtime as all his English friends are having lunch. He even tried to ignore the smell of food coming from the canteen!Mix SchoolsIn Islam, it is taught that boys and girls should not mingle; it is done mostly to protect the girls especially. This would also mean that it is inconvenient for both sexes to have P.E lessons or swimming lessons together.British boys and girls would get into relationships in their teenage years, and they most certainly have friends of the opposite sex. So it is difficult for Muslims when they see people of their own age having boyfriends / girlfriends, since free mingling between the sexes is not approved in Islam.The following extract, taken from an Islamic teenage magazine called Reflect shows just some of the problems that Muslims face :R.E le ssons and other subjectsIn state schools in Britain, there is usually a multi-cultural education, learning about many other religions such as Judaism, Christianity etc. Muslims might be offended by this.Science subjects taught in school can conflict with Islam too e.g. in Biology, people learn about evolution. Muslims might have a different view of this subject.Sex EducationSex education taught in school could be a problem since some Muslims are not prepared to talk or listen openly about it.In 1999, there has been a huge conflict between the Muslims and schools as the government might scrape Section 28. Section 28 of the 1988 Local Government Act bans local authorities from promoting homosexuality and says schools may not teach homosexuality as a pretended family relationship. Muslims may send their children to private schools or purely Islamic schools or they may teach the children at home. Muslims are taking this issue very seriously because they dont want their children exposed to homosexual propaganda. It has to be noted that other non-Muslim parents are also concerned about section 28 being repealed.See page for the newspaper cutting on it.I think this just shows one of the many difficulties that Muslim children and their parents face.Not only in education and schools are Muslim teenagers affected, they also experience problems when it comes to their social life. Many British teenagers drink alcohol and smoke, this is prohibited in Islam. Many British teenagers also have boyfriends and girlfriends. The following quote is taken from Kaman who was interviewed in the Daily Mail, 1989 which clearly states how Muslims teenagers feel : They always want you to go to the pub or the nightclub, or they are going out with their girlfriends. Theyll invite you with them, but that only makes you feel a bit low because you know you cant mix with that , since you dont have a girlfriend yourself. So I always make some excuse or other.As said in the article, this particul ar boy was ashamed to admit that he had kissed a girl before!! Many might find it very hard to resist pre-marital sex as some of their British friends might have sexual relationships with their girlfriends / boyfriends. Of course, some are very strong in their belief : Youve got to take sex more seriously than that. In our religion, your virginity should stay until youre married. Sex is for babies, isnt it?Islam states that one should marry; many of the marriages are arranged. Muslims in Britain might resent the idea of an arranged marriage because they see their British friends going out, and dating people of the opposite sex and so feel that they should have the freedom to go out and choose for themselves who they want to marry. One point is emphasised, and that is they are not forced into the marriage. If they do not like the partner in which their parents have chosen for them, they do not have to go through with the marriage. But the match their parents find for them are usually very good as they would do it on a broad basis considering family background, education, ambitions, likes and dislikes.Theres one very important issue that Muslims living in Britain feel : and that is a sense of belonging. They dont know whether they belong to Britain or their ethnic background e.g. Bangladesh. The newspaper cutting on page also gives a personal insight into why Muslims in Britain feel the way they do. I think that one of the quote taken from the article best describes their situation :Were being torn apartMany Muslims teenagers feel that their parents want them to be like their parents. But this is practically impossible :They just dont understand what were going through. They want us to become clones of them and we cant, because weve not been brought up in the same environment.Of course not everybody thinks this way. Some thinks that Muslim teenagers living in Britain do not have many problems in following them religion. They believe that all the problems can be solved. School canteens can provide halal meat, there can be separate lessons for boys and girls so that they dont mix freely. In issues concerning, they believe that the Muslims, if they missed a prayer because they are in school, can make up for it in the next prayer time. Some also believe that Muslims shouldnt have the special right to have their own schools. They believe that by doing this, the Muslim society in Britain and the British community would only segregate even more.Concerning marriage, many thinks that some of the children are forced into the marriage. This does happen in extreme cases as the article from The Times in March 2000 describes on page .The article describes how some children are forced into arranged marriages and it warns teachers to go to the police if they suspect that any of their pupils are forced into marriages by their parents.According to Muslim law, A Muslim man can have up to four wives. There is a test case in Britain where a Muslim man wants to have his three wives recognised as being legally married to him. ( The newspaper article is on page ) This is polygamy which is illegal in Britain. He has taken the case to the European Court of Human Rights but I think that the issue is much broad than just about marriage. It is whether minorities have the right to follow their own customs or should they conform to establish British tradition. This issue, about marriage, is important to other ethnic and religious communities. Children of such unions can find themselves deprived of inheritance or other legal rights.I did a questionnaire on Muslims and non Muslims in Britain to try and find out what kind of problems Muslims might face when living here.Here is a pie chart showing the religion in which my interviewees belong to :Basically 50% of my interviewees are Muslims, and 50% of them are non-Muslims.I did my questionnaire on about 20 non Muslims and 20 Muslims, hoping to compare their view. Out of the 40 people, 22 were male and 18 were female. Here is a pie chart showing the age of the interviewees.I mainly concentrated on people age 15-20 because I feel that those are the people who go to secondary school and face most of the problems Ive mentioned so far in R3.None of the non Muslims I interviewed agreed with arranged marriage whereas the majority of the Muslims agreed with it! This shows thatIn conclusion, I think that Muslim teenagers do face many problems and difficulties. These problems can be solved, but this would take some time. The Government and people in Britain should recognise the problems they are facing and try to be more understanding towards them.

communiction methods essays

communiction methods essays Communication is the process of sharing ideas, information, and messages with others in a particular time and place. Communication includes writing and talking, as well as nonverbal communication (such as facial expressions, body language, or gestures), visual communication (the use of images or pictures, such as painting, photography, video, or film), and electronic communication (telephone calls, electronic mail, cable television, or satellite broadcasts). Communication is a vital part of personal life and is also important in business, education, and any other situation where people encounter each other. Businesses are concerned with communication in several special ways. Some businesses build and install communication equipment, such as fax (facsimile) machines, video cameras, CD players, printing presses, personal computers, and telephones. Other companies create some of the messages or content that those technologies carry, such as movies, books, and software. These companies are part of the media or telecommunications industries. Organizational communication is important in every business. People in organizations need to communicate to coordinate their work and to inform others outside the business about their products and services (these kinds of communication are called advertising or public relations). Communicating over long distances has been a challenge throughout history. In ancient times, runners were used to carry important messages between rulers or other important people. Other forms of long-distance communication included smoke signals, chains of searchlights and flags to send a message from one tower to another, carrier pigeons, and horses. Modern telecommunications began in the 1800s with the discovery that electricity can be used to transmit a signal. For the first time, a signal could be sent faster than any other mode of transportation. The first practical telecommunications device to make use of this disc...

Billboard Hot Country Songs number-one singles Essay Example for Free

Billboard Hot Country Songs number-one singles Essay Hello my name is Chassidy Mitchem I would absolutely love to be a part of your cosmetology program. I love to do hair and, make up. Doing hair is something I enjoy doing in my free time. It’s a way to get away from people and let my mind explore into better things. I enjoy looking and trying new hair styles and colors. I have done makeup and hair for Homecoming court and Grand March. It would be an absolute dream to get into this school and have some hands on time with the things I love doing while learning more about Cosmetology. Cosmetology is very important to the world because someone will always want their hair done or make up done. Most people only want to go to a professional so they know they will be getting the best of their money. You could also be able to set up your own business around your area. I differ from a lot of my peers because no one really understands the importance of Cosmetology the way I do. Everyone thinks it useless. Cosmetology is just as important as other jobs because someone will always need you. There will always be someone needing their eye brows done or maybe there nails especially during homecoming and prom or even a wedding. I’ve talked to a couple people and got some really interesting opinions. Some people has told me I wouldn’t make it and some people has told me I would, but my motto is â€Å"Never give up, because you never know how close you are to fulfilling your dream.† I plan on getting this degree and opening my own salon and I feel that it will give me knowledge I need to know for success. I learned to do this at a young age and I feel very strong about this career. I believe this will be the field I dedicate myself to. I hope to be attending this college at whatever time the school year would begin Billboard Hot Country Songs number-one singles. (2016, May 06).

Defining Words for Worship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Defining Words for Worship - Essay Example Psalms 105 says that human beings should make known God’s deeds to the whole world. Praise refers to â€Å"giving thanks† in Psalm 1051. 2 Chronicles 30:22 is an example of how the word â€Å"praise has been used in the new testament. The Levites ate the peace offering sacrifices while offering praise to the lord at the sanctuary. Psalm 54:6 also shows how the word â€Å"praise† has been used, it says â€Å"willingly I will sacrifice to you; I will give thanks to your name, O LORD, for it is good†2. Psalms 96: 4 says that our father and our lord deserve ad seek our praise. â€Å"Yahweh is great and is worthy to be praised†. The lord also deserves worship from human beings. Psalm 29:2 says that human beings should bow down to God. In the current churches, praise and worship services are dedicated to the lord. The word â€Å"praise’ has been uttered by Leah, after giving birth to a child (Genesis 29). Leah was the first wife of Jacob and sist er of Rachel. The word praise is used to give thanks to God after mighty deeds have been encountered by human beings. Prayer should be used to praise the Lord, however, human beings only pray when they are in troubles. Prayer should be used to praise and worship the lord for the wonderful deeds he has done to human beings3. Serve Jesus used the word â€Å"serve’ to refer to the main purpose of His coming. ... According to Philippians 1; 3-27, Paul says that human beings should conduct their selves in a manner honorable to the teachings of Christ. Christians can serve god by conducting themselves in a holly manner. Sinful deeds by human beings are not considered as service to the Lord. Paul further says that a worthy walk in God’s light constitutes obedience to their partnership in the gospel4. According to Romans 12; 11, human beings are expected to serve the Lord without lacking Zeal. Spiritual favor should be maintained at all times while serving God. In addition, Deuteronomy 13; 4 says that human beings should only follow the Lord their God. It is only God that is worth being Served and revered. The keeping of God’s commandments and obeying his commands are the best ways to serve and hold fast to him. Further, Galatians 5; 13 says that human beings and their brothers were called to use their freedom in serving the lord. Human beings should not engage in sinful deeds but s erve one another in love5. Serving God and other human beings is captured in 1 Peter 4; 10. Every person should use the gift given to them from God to serve others as well as faithfully carrying out ministries. Gifts from God should be used in assisting other creatures who are in need of help, by doing this; human beings will be serving the Lord. Consequently, Joshua 22; 5 says that the laws that were given to the Israelites by Moses should be followed. Human beings should love the Lord their God, do what is right, follow the commandments, and to serve the Lord with all their heart and soul. Mark 10; 45 also shows how human beings should serve the lord. Mark says that Jesus Christ did not come to be served by human beings, but to offer services to

Impact of Technology on Business Communication Essay - 1

Impact of Technology on Business Communication - Essay Example This section presents some of the vital business communication technologies for better business handling and management. Below are some important examples of business communication:This technology is currently extensively used in business communication. There are lots of popular social networks those heavily support such business communication like Facebook, LinkedIn, and Twitter. Such social networks allow companies to reach and communicate with thousands of concerned customers and diverse experts straight away by means of short messages planned to influence, notify and sell. However, such business communication method involves a lot of irrelevant communication areas that make huge information store having no considerable significance.One more new and state-of-the-art business communication technology is the Shared Digital Workspace. These digital workspaces are similar to traditional specialized networks designed for file sharing, where numerous partners are able to get access and perform their functions on a particular project immediately. This permits networks better group teamwork as cooperative aimed at conflicting requirements in some relaxation intended for time and place. This is mainly valuable for companies that deal in different states all over the world. However, this business communication technology requires some proprietary communication application involving higher costs and also demands extensive application personalization for better and effective management of business needs.

Kathmandu Enter Into Chinese Market Essay Example for Free

Kathmandu Enter Into Chinese Market Essay With the rapid development of economy and society, Chinese market has attracted a great number of attentions from foreign companies. Therefore, how to enter into Chinese market and how to be a successful company in China has become a realistic issue faced by business managers, entrepreneurs and consultants. This essay will focus on introducing one Australian local brand â€Å"Kathmandu† which is an outdoor sport equipment company into Chinese market. Thus, a detailed analysis of the current situation of the Chinese market and this foreign company is indispensable. Firstly, this paper will analyze the current situation of the Chinese outdoor sport market and the Chinese economy, and then identify the strengths and weakness of the Kathmandu Company when entering into Chinese market. Subsequently, selection of entry modes and partner and recommendations will be provided to deal with or to reduce the risks when enter into the Chinese outdoor sport market. 2. BACKGROUND ABOUT KATHMANDU COMPANY Kathmandu Holdings Limited was established by John Pawson and Jan Cameron in 1987. The company started off as a small outdoor apparel shop in New Zealand and in 25 years has grown to a multi-national brand primarily producing outdoor sport clothing and equipment which combine with the advanced technology, high quality and high comfort level. Such as, tents and shelters, packs and luggage, sleeping gear, outdoor clothing, footwear and other accessories of outdoor. In 2006, one Australasian private equity company fully acquired Kathmandu for NZ$275 million. Currently Kathmandu does the business in Australia, New Zealand and England. The company slogan aims to capture young and adventurous individuals and the marketing strategy has been built around this notion (Kathmandu, 2012). 3. OPPORTUNITIES OF CHINESE OUTDOOR MARKET 3. 1 Outdoor sport in China Along with the development of economy and living stander, outdoor sport becomes increasingly popular in China. In China, outdoor sport was started at Beijing, Shenzhen and Shanghai in 1999(Chinese News, 2011). Currently, combing with pressure reducing, such sport increase quite fast and become one kind of society fashion. There are four outdoor sport activities which include High Mountain, exploration, rock climbing and bicycling in China (Chinese outdoor Sport Association, 2012). The outdoor sport is an professional sport activity not only require a good physical quality but also good clothing and equipment to resist the bad environment. Therefore, fast increase of the outdoor sport contributes to sharp augment on demand of outdoor sport clothing and equipment. As reporting by China Outdoor Sport Association, the number of annual sales from existing manufactories of outdoor equipment was 800 million RMB in 2010, while the number of that in 2000 was 60 million RMB, and the number of Chinese participation in the outdoor sport has reached one hundred million (China Outdoor Sport Association, 2012). Hence, along with the unbelievable development of the outdoor sport and the higher demand of outdoor products, obviously, the potential of the Chinese outdoor sport market is quite considerable. 3. 2 Situation of Chinese outdoor market Basic the market research, currently, there are approximately 200 Chinese local outdoor sport brands and around 1100 outdoor clothing and equipment stores. Although the outdoor industry of China is at beginning phases, every year increase 50%. The CEO of the GORE Company which is one of the beat 100 American outdoor equipment companies pointed out that such fast increase would maintain at the least 5 years in China (Simone, 2002). It can be calculated that the Chinese outdoor sport market should be worth around two billion. However, even though the outdoor sport is obtaining swift development, the outdoor market is relatively backward. The local manufactures only produce or provide elementary products or services, lack of the leading company and well-known brand is a serious issue in the local market. Therefore, it is a favorable opportunity for Kathmandu to expend to the Chinese outdoor market, because of the sharp escalation of market demand and insufficient supply of the local outdoor market. 3. 3 Competitors in Chinese outdoor market China already had around 200 local brands in outdoor sport market. However, in such new industry market foreign companies occupied the main position. According to the research, there are four main competitors for Kathmandu in the Chinese outdoor market, which include The North Face that is an American company, it has a long history and produce fine workmanship products, one company of France named ALGLE which entered into China in 1997, and its products are practical and noble. OZARK which is a Switzerland Company and the design of their products is following the characteristic of the Chinese. The last one competitor is Salewa from German (Chinese News, 2011). Compare with these foreign companies, the technology and quality of the local brands are at lower level, particularly, at the aspect of technology. Company is difficult to survive without advanced technology supporting, especially, in the outdoor sport market. Therefore, the outdoor market that has a small number of strong competitors will supply an opportunity for Kathmandu to obtain the biggest market share by adopting the advanced technology. 3. 4 Chinese economic situation For the financial reason, the Chinese market is quite appropriate for the Kathmandu to enter. According to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) recourses, in 2010 the number of average disposable personal income of cities and towns was 21033 RMB, which was higher 11. 3% than that in 2009. Meanwhile, the recourses also mentioned that the number of average disposable personal income in cities and towns was 7414 RMB in the first quarter 2011, which was higher 14. 1% than that in 2010 (National Bureau of Statistics, 2011). The increase of the disposable personal income of the Chinese offered an ideally material guarantee for consumption of the outdoor sport, which also means that Chinese has obtained higher purchasing power than before. The Nominal GDP per capita continues experiencing increase since 2001 to 2010 from 8. 3% to 10. 3% (National Bureau of Statistics, 2011). Following the acceleration of the urbanization progress, increasingly Chinese has selected outdoor sport, particularly, the young people. As the China Outdoor Sport Association report 2010, 90% of the participators already have attained high education degrees and the wages in the 65% of them over 5000RMB per month, 20 to 40 years old people occupied 84. 1% (Chinese News, 2011). China possesses the most enormous consumer groups which attract the vision of the world. Such consumer groups will contribute more benefits than England and New Zealand for Kathmandu. According to the National Development and Reform Commission, there is a police of 5 years plant from 2011 to 2015, which will focus on inequality of wealth distribution and shifting emphasis from investment to consumption (National Development and Reform Commission, 2011). Therefore more money will be spent in rural and inland development. So that Kathmandu can expect a growing number of potential customers in the coming 5 years. Therefore, the current situation of the Chinese market is ideally for Kathmandu to attract more customers and to sales more outdoor products. 4. STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF KATHMANDU IN CHINA Kathmandu has sufficient experience on oversea expending. According to the Kathmandu office report, currently, the company of Kathmandu has totally 107 retail stores, 65 located in Australia, 39 in New Zealand and 6 in United Kingdom respectively. In 2003 and 2004, the company entered into the market of United Kingdom, and speedy became one of the top two outdoor brands in the UK. The office report also mentioned that the Kathmandu Company made 237 million AU$ sales and obtained 7 million profit in 2011(Kathmandu, 2012). Therefore, the Kathmandu has sufficient expending experience, which enables to reduce risks that are bought by the insufficient of experience when enter into China. Furthermore, owning of advanced technologies is able to guarantees the leading position in Chinese outdoor market. Specifically, the technologies of anti-wind, anti-fire, waterproof and high heat preservation are adopted by all of their products with high comfortable level. Such advanced technologies are what the Chinese local outdoor equipment market and customers need. However, there are some weaknesses of Kathmandu can not be ignored in Chinese market. Firstly, lack of Guan XI (special relationship) will be the main issue for the company. In Chinese market, it is difficult to obtain long-term profit that making the business without a favorable Guan Xi, particularly, the closing relationship with the Chinese government. The Kathmandu may face some restriction from the Chinese Government. Such as, polices changing, law modifying and the controlling on some local resources, which will bring a great number of obstacles on operation of the Kathmandu company in China. Secondly, low brand awareness will lead to high cost in Chinese market. Obviously, although there is an increase in the demand of western products for the Chinese customers, the products selection of customers is quite cautious, especially on unacquainted brands. The Kathmandu may needs more patience to the Chinese clients to know more about the products of the Kathmandu, in other words, more time is required by the Chinese market. In addition, in such situation, more capitals will be spent by the company on advertising in order to build the name recognition. Thus, these weaknesses may bring some risks for the Kathmandu company operation in China. 5. HOW TO ENTER INTO CHINESE OUTDOOR MARKET 5. 1 Selection of the entry modes The selection of entry modes is crucial for every company when enter into a new market. There are two major entry modes, which include non-equity modes and equity modes (Chen Hui, 2002). As a multinational company and has good expending experience in the UK and New Zealand, it is undeniable that equity modes is appropriate to the Kathmandu when enter into Chinese market. The entry modes contain joint-venture, acquisitions and green-fields (Peter, 2008). Merger and acquisition can assists the Kathmandu directly entering into Chinese market by purchasing the company that already has established in China. However, a large number of capitals are required by the Kathmandu company to merger the Chinese local company, which means more cost will occur when choose this entry method. In addition, social-cultural environment issue should be considered by the western companies, acquisition entry method may be related to a sort of aggression by Chinese duo to the Chinese history, so that some threatens will be faced by the Kathmandu Company, for instant, anti-products and service of the company. The green-fields entry method also requires large number of capitals to support, and this approach is quite complicate to operate. While more freedom in designing the plant, selecting suppliers, and hiring a work force will be contributed by green-field (Ilkaka, 2007). Compare with acquisition and green-field, joint-venture entry method is more appropriate to the Kathmandu Company to enter into the Chinese outdoor market. The reasons as follow, firstly, Beamish pointed out that joint-venture is cheaper to exit compare with green-fields and also has the advantage that benefits the company to directly enter the market of other countries (Beamish, 2001). Secondly, the Kathmandu Company is not familiar with Chinese institutions and regulations, finding a Joint-Venture partner can help understand rules of running business, and the Guan Xi of the Chinese partner can be used by the Kathmandu in China. Moreover, such method will provide strong bargaining power with Joint-Venture partner for the company, as Kathmandu can provide high technical resources and product line which is the crucial issue facing by the Chinese outdoor companies. However, there are some disadvantages that lead to the risks to the Kathmandu Company from the joint-venture entry method. Firstly, the joint-venture may modify the partner to competitor (Swierczak, 1994). Specifically, it is dangerous that giving the advanced technologies to the partner to control. Perhaps the primary goal of the local partner is to control the leading technologies of the Kathmandu; such technologies will be used by other local companies on their products in order to obtain the bigger market share and to make more profit, which should be the most primary risk for the Kathmandu Company. Secondly, shared ownership can lead to conflict over goals and control. The ownership and administrative power will become the main conflict between the partner and the foreign company (Swierczak, 1994). In order to control and make the biggest profit to their own company, both local and foreign company adopts various approaches to attain the beneficial position in the joint-venture company. Such as, increasing the investment and controlling the resources. Balancing the advantages and disadvantages for the Kathmandu Company to select the entry modes in Chinese market, joint-venture is the ideally entry modes for the company. However, which Chinese partner should be selected by the Kathmandu is another issue. 5. 2 Selection of the Chinese partner There are a great number of local outdoor or sport brands in China. However, it is difficult to find a well-known outdoor sport brand because of the new outdoor market. Thus selecting a famous sport equipment company as the joint-venture partner is the best selection for Kathmandu Company. The Chinese sport companies include 361, ERKE, ANTA, PEAK, DOUBLE STAR, Xtep and LI NING (Chinese sport research, 2011). According to LI NING annual report 2010, the capitalization of the company has reached 8. 387 billion and has had 8156 sales shops in 1800 cities in China, and The number of LI NING brand retail stores is 7478 Moreover, LI NING has the highest reputation as the company is sponsoring several of Chinese sport national teams. The company already cooperated with AIGLE, LOTTO and Kason using joint-venture entry modes, which means that LI NING has had sufficient experience on such entry modes, and the high experience will assists the Kathmandu to reduce the risks on joint-venture (LI NING, 2011). Therefore, LI NING should be the most appropriate joint-venture partner for the Kathmandu Company, the large number of LI NING sales network and capitalization will contribute the convenience to the Kathmandu to enter into Chinese outdoor market. 6. CONCLUSION China has become the biggest market for the foreign company duo to the rapid development of economy and society. Such development specifically expressed in the GDP and the average disposable personal income continually increase, which also represent high purchasing power in China. In the same period, the fast development of Chinese outdoor sport market contributes to the high demand not only for the outdoor clothing and equipment but also for the advanced technologies of the outdoor equipment in the Chinese outdoor market, and the lower strong competitors also provide a God-given opportunity for the Kathmandu outdoor equipment company to enter such ideally market. Hence, how to enter Chinese market will be the first issue faced by every foreign company manager. The joint-venture entry modes should be the possible modes selected by the foreign company, particularly, the Kathmandu Company duo to the lower cost, easily access the market. The Kathmandu enables to use the local resources and Guan Xi network of the LI NING Company, which are the weaknesses of the Kathmandu, via joint-venture in order to become a successful company operating in China after into the outdoor market. Both companies will obtain the benefits that they want from joint-venture entry modes. 7. REFERENCES Beamish, P. W. ,Banks, J. C. 2001. Equity joint ventures and the theory of the multinational enterprise. Journal of International Business Studies, 18(2):1-16. Chinese Customs, 2011, â€Å"Export Procedure†, viewed: 20 May 2012, from http://www. customs. gov. cn/publish/portal0/. Chen, H. 2002, An analysis of determinants of entry mode and its impact on performance, Int. Bus. Rev. , 11 (2002), pp. 193–210. Chinese News, 2011, The demand of copper is recovering to the level before financial crisis, viewed: 20 May, 2012, from. http://www.chinanews. com/cj/2011/06-13/3108018. shtml Chinese Outdoor Sport Association 2012, â€Å"report of Chinese outdoor sport situation†, viewed: 20 May 2012, from http://www. iouter. com/. Ilkka A. Ronkainen, 2007, International marketing, Cengage Learning, 2007, p417-422. Joseph Simone, â€Å"Criminal Enforcement Against Counterfeiters†, China Business Review, 29/6 (2002): 22-23; Timothy Trainer, â€Å"The Fight Against Trademark Counterfeiting,† China Business Review, 29/6 (2002): 20-24. Kathmandu Annual Report, 2012, Introduction of Kathmandu, viewed 17 May, 2012, from homepage: http://www. kathmandu. com. au/. Kobrin, op. cit. ; Minor, op. cit. ; Charles Hill, International Business: Competing in the Global Marketplace, 4th Edition (Bostom, MA: McGraw-Hill Irwin, 2003), p. 47. Lining Annual Report, 2011, Introduction of Lining, viewed 17 May, 2012, from http://www. lining. com/eng/global/home. php. National Bureau of Statistics, 2011, â€Å"situation of Chinese economic†, viewed 17 May, 2012, from http://www.stats. gov. cn/. National Development Reform Commission, 2011, â€Å"situation of Chinese market development†, viewed 17 May, 2012, from http://www. sdpc. gov. cn/. Peter Liesch, and Duncan Poulson, 2008, â€Å"An Unconventional Approach to Intellectual Property: The Case of an Australian Firm Transferring Shipbuilding Technologies to China,† Journal of World Business, 35/1 (2000): 1-20. Swierczak, F. W. 1994, Culture and conflict in Joint Venture in Asia, International Journal of Project Management, 12 (1) (1994), pp. 39–47.

Book Report on A Modern Utopia by H. G. Wells Essay -- Modern Utopia W

Book Report on A Modern Utopia by H. G. Wells H. G. Wells’ book, A Modern Utopia was published in 1905. This book seems to be unique for two reasons. As Wells tells us, it is told from the point of view of "a whitish plump man" that he calls the "Voice" (1). This allows the book to be what Wells calls, "a sort of shot-silk texture between philosophical discussion on the one hand and imaginative narrative on the other" because the Utopia that we visit in the story is the one inside the mind of the "Voice" or the narrator (ix). He (the Voice) is talking to a friend, a botanist that continues with him on his journeys, about utopian thought when suddenly these two men have been transported past Sirius to Utopia, the Voice’s ideal planet that is exactly the mirror of Earth, from geology to each individual person. Sometimes the narrator describes what is actually going on around them, what they are actually doing in Utopia, but more often he talks about what he thinks Utopia should be like, and the reader must interpret this as how this Utopia is, since this Utopia itself is in his imagination. The plot is this: the two men find themselves on this new planet by a feat of imagination. They find a coin on the ground, which pays for the inn at which they stay for a few nights. They speak to a man who dislikes the government and prefers Nature and simplicity. Because they are running out of money, the two men go to the Public Office to try and find work, where they are fingerprinted. The fingerprints surprisingly identify an existing citizen of Utopia, the record of the men’s duplicate. Because of the confusion, the men are shipped to a toy-carving factory in Lucerne, where, because the authorities figure out that they have doubles... ...es not appear in any utopian visions of the ancients, and thus marks this world different from those of antiquity. This brings up an interesting question; since this world is based on capitalism, is it attainable from our present capitalist society? Why or Why not? Is it possible to have a capitalist utopia? The Voice’s double argues that wealth is not power. Is this true? Could it be true under different circumstances? This Utopia is also a global, World State. Is this feasible? Is this necessary? This Utopia proclaims itself imperfect. Is this an oxymoron? Is a society that admits room for improvement a Utopia? The ruling class of this Utopia, the Samurai, is a voluntary ruling class. What problems would this involve? What problems would it solve? Works Cited Wells, H. G. A Modern Utopia. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1967.

A Teacher Fosters Social Competence with Cooperative Learning

To cite this article: Magnesio, S. & B. Davis. A Teacher Fosters Social Competence With Cooperative Learning. San Clemente, CA: Kagan Publishing. Kagan Online Magazine, Fall/Winter 2010. www. KaganOnline. com Miss Mag, do we have to work in groups? † â€Å"Miss Mag, I can’t work with him. † â€Å"Miss Mag, can I work alone? † Dodgeball tactics—duck, dart, and flee—seemed to be the game plan in my classroom whenever I wanted my students to work in groups. â€Å"Just try to work together! † I would say again and again. As a new teacher, I was shocked to find that most of my students didn’t know how to work in a group. Many of my 4th-grade students had been together since kindergarten, yet they interacted as strangers. They struggled to keep their heads above water when it came to social skills and group work. And I was drowning, treading back and forth, student to student, trying to keep up. Week after week, I found myself spending more time talking about being team players and working together than I spent teaching multiplication strategies and writing good leads. My soapbox was becoming old and worn, and I was overwhelmed and tired. Week after week, I found myself spending more time talking about being team players and working together than I spent teachingmultiplication strategies and writing good leads. My soapbox was becoming old and worn, and I was overwhelmed and tired. Many teachers experience challenges when they place students in a group and expect them to cooperate. As Johnson and Johnson (1990) point out, â€Å"Simply placing students in groups and telling them to work together does not, in and of itself, produce cooperation† (p. 29). Trying to get students to work cooperatively was one of the most frustrating aspects of my first two years of teaching. The easy solution would have been to throw my hands up and say, â€Å"These kids just can’t work together! † I could have given in and assigned individual projects and allowed the students to work alone and be done with it. However, I was learning about cooperative learning structures (Kagan & Kagan, 2009) in a graduate mentoring and induction program for beginning teachers, and I wondered if these structures would work in my classroom. This wondering became the focus of a classroom-based research project I conducted as part of the graduate program. I hoped this study would help my students build positive social skills and become successful working together. In particular, I wanted them to listen to each other, to solve problems collaboratively, and to teach one another. I focused my inquiry project on the following questions: 1) How does a structural approach to cooperative learning influence the social skills of 4th graders? 2) How do cooperative learning structures influence awareness of others’ feelings and encourage appropriate choices in social settings? , and 3) What influence do student reflections have on social interactions? Related Literature Cooperative learning has been defined as groups of students working together to complete a common task (Johnson, Johnson, & Holubec, 2002). Numerous studies have measured the success of cooperative learning as an instructional method regarding social skills development and student achievement across all levels, from primary grades through college. The general consensus is that cooperative learning can, and usually does, result in positive student outcomes in all areas (Johnson & Johnson, 1990; Kagan & Kagan, 2009; Marzano, Pickering, & Pollock, 2001; Slavin, 1996). Social interaction theory (Piaget, 1970; Vygotsky, 1978) and motivational theory (Maslow, 1954) both help explain the effectiveness of cooperative learning. Social interaction theory views learning as a social activity in which people learn by listening and talking to others. As Kauchak and Eggen (2007) explain: Piaget views this social interaction as a catalyst for students to reevaluate their own beliefs about the world; Vygotsky sees social interaction as a vehicle for more knowledgeable people to share their expertise with others. In both instances, students learn by listening and talking. (pp. 305-306) In his theory of motivation, Maslow (1954) described a hierarchy of needs that moves from lower needs (e. g. , hunger, safety) to higher needs (e. g. , esteem, belonging). He argued that people strive to meet their lower needs before attempting to meet the higher needs. In Kagan Cooperative Learning, Kagan and Kagan (2009) explain the relationship between Maslow’s motivation theory and the effectiveness of cooperative learning: If students do not feel safe and included, their energy is directed to meeting those deficiency needs and is not free to meet the need to know and understand. . . . When we put cooperative learning in place the need for safety is satisfied through social norms (no put downs; disagreeing politely). The need for inclusion is satisfied through teambuilding and classbuilding. . . . With the needs of safety and security satisfied, the students have more free energy to move up the hierarchy, striving for esteem and knowledge. (p. 4. 13) Moreover, in many classrooms, the majority of interactions are teacher-student, which can create a competitive environment as students vie for the teacher’s approval. Cooperative learning helps balance this environment by encouraging students to work together to achieve learning goals. As Kagan and Kagan (2009) point out, â€Å"We live in an interdependent world in which, somewhat paradoxically, the ability to compete depends on the ability to cooperate† (p. 1. 18). Several prominent researchers have developed various models of cooperative learning. For example, two brothers, David and Roger Johnson, created the Learning Together and Student Controversy models (Johnson, Johnson, & Holubec, 2002); Robert Slavin (1996) developed the Jigsaw II and Student Teams-Achievement Division models; and Spencer Kagan (1994) developed the Structural Approach to cooperative learning. Although different, these models each contain four defining elements of effective group interactions: 1) positive interdependence, 2) individual accountability, 3) equal participation, and 4) simultaneous interaction. Johnson, Johnson, and Holubec (2002) include a fifth element—group processing. Numerous practitioner studies have examined the impact of cooperative learning on student achievement and social skills development. For example, Nesbit and Rogers (1997) describe the benefits of integrating cooperative learning with science, reading, and writing instruction. Using several of the different cooperative learning models, the authors found that each method was successful in helping students work together in science to solve problems while using the tools of reading and writing. They suggested, however, that teachers begin with the Kagan structural approach before attempting the more complicated models of cooperative learning. Similarly, Muth (1997) found that cooperative learning could be used effectively during mathematics instruction to increase student comprehension of word problems, as well as to help them develop problem-solving skills. In the article â€Å"Using Cooperative Learning To Improve Reading and Writing in Mathematical Problem Solving,† she provides examples of how to implement cooperative learning in the mathematics classroom. Based on her experiences, Muth concludes that cooperative learning can improve reading and writing, as well as interpersonal skills, during mathematics instruction, particularly when students are working on problem-solving strategies. Bromley and Modlo (1997) found that cooperative learning helped maximize student learning in language arts instruction. A descriptive study of four teachers who implemented the Kagan Structural Approach during reading and writing instruction demonstrated the following benefits: 1) higher level thinking, 2) better communication between students, and 3) positive social relations. More recently, Law (2008) conducted two separate experimental studies on the effects of cooperative learning on 2nd-graders’ motivation and comprehension of text. In the first study, students in cooperative learning groups (n = 160) were compared with their counterparts in traditional instruction groups (n = 107). The results showed a significant difference between the two groups, with more favorable perceptions of teachers’ instructional practices and better reading comprehension in the experimental groups than in the control groups. In the second study, 51 second-graders participated in the instructional intervention program (cooperative learning). The results showed that students’ positive cooperative behavior and attitudes were related to their motivation and reading comprehension. When students perceived that their peers were willing to help each other and were committed to the group, they tended to be more motivated and performed better in reading comprehension. Numerous school-based studies in various grade levels have investigated the effects of using the Kagan Structural Approach to cooperative learning (Cline, 2007; Dotson, 2001; Howard, 2006; Murie, 2004). Consistently, these studies have shown positive effects on student achievement, attitudes, and engagement. Cline, for example, investigated the effects of using Kagan cooperative learning structures in her 5th-grade classes. During the 16-week study, she implemented the structures (e. g. , RallyCoach, RoundTable) during guided practice in one math class; in a comparison group, she used a more traditional method of instruction (e. g. , students working alone). Data collected from pre- and posttests revealed that the experimental group outperformed the comparison group on all measures of math achievement. Several studies have focused on the role of the teacher in implementing cooperative learning (Ding, Li, Piccolo, & Kulm, 2007; Leonard & McElroy, 2000; Lotan, 2003; Siegel, 2005). These studies concluded that the teacher’s decisions about how group tasks are set up, as well as his or her interventions during the group processing, are crucial to the success of cooperative learning in the classroom. In summary, findings from numerous studies demonstrate the positive outcomes of using cooperative learning throughout the curriculum. These benefits include improved academic performance, as well as enhanced social skills development.

Graduate Study Challenges

I will explain my personal and professional goals, reasons for pursuing a graduate degree, three challenges I face in meeting my goals, strategies I use to overcome these challenges, milestones that will mark my short-term goal and long-term goal, my strength and weakness to personal communication, and three strategies I will use to improve my communication skills. Personal and professional goals / Reasons for pursing graduate study I want to obtain a graduate degree to accomplish my long-term educational goal that I set for myself when I obtain my undergraduate degree.I want to prove to myself that I can achieve this goal and that anything is possible. Obtaining my graduate degree will also teach my family on how to stay positive and focus and to never be afraid to chase after their dreams if they see me doing it. The career that I have working in the information technology field is a good rewarding career. I then find myself drained out from the hectic work schedule and not enjoyin g what I do. This is why I am pursing my masters' degree so that I can move into a new career field; advance my employment opportunities, and financial status.I know a masters' degree will help me succeed into a position with more leadership, and to provide for my family so that I can help them achieve their goals in the near future in any way that I am able. Short-term goal and Long-Term goal The short-term goal that I have set for myself is to continue working my fulfillment job until I finished my graduate study. My long-term goal is to be the best Health Care Administrator Informatics employee that I can be and re-locate my family to with an agreement that a new change is best and must be done to accomplish the goal to live out our dreams.Three challenges I face in accomplishing my goals/Strategies to overcome it As I am on my Journey to obtain my masters' degree I know that I have road bumps and curves ahead of me that is out of my control. Working a full-time Job, time managem ent, and stress is the challenges. I have put strategies into place for myself that will allow me to achieve my goals. I have Journal that I complete each week to help me stay on track to complete my assignments because I do work a full-time Job. For, time management in my Journal I plan out the time in where I want to spend my ours with my family.I make sure that I leave room to move around activities on another day so no one in my family gets upset if they are not met. To relieve stress I usually walk four days out of a week. I sometimes walk by myself or with family. It relaxes me and gives me time to think to myself on how to stay on target to accomplish goals. Milestones that will mark the achievement of my short and long- term goal The milestone that will make my achievement of my short-term goal is I must learn and become familiar with the new technology for the healthcare industry.If willing I will complete my graduate study by the year 2018 to accomplish my short-term goal. For my long-term goal is that when I complete my graduate study is to obtain a career in the Health Informatics field and be the best employee I can be, and relocate my family to Atlanta, Georgia from Charlotte, North Carolina, to retire. Strength and weakness related to personal communication The weakness in personal communication is that I have a hard time remembering names and I know that is not a good thing. The people I meet will not feel they are important and I do not want them to feel that way.The strength that I have is that I am a good listener. My friends enjoy my conversation because if she needs someone to vent she always call me up. She knows that I am Just there to listen and not give my opinion because sometimes that is what she wants someone Just to hear her out. I think this is very important in the communication skills is to learn how to listen. Three strategies I use to improve my communication The three strategies that I use to improve my communication skills i s listening, numbering names, and not interrupting or talking over someone in a conversation.I listen and pay close attention when other are speaking. When, I meet someone new I will repeat their name a couple of times so that I would not forget it. This will make them feel important the next time we meet and I remember their name. I do not interrupt or talk over someone in a conversation. I think this is very rude, especially if they are in the middle of telling a story, and they lose their train of thought because of the interruption.

Jude the Obscure essays

Jude the Obscure essays In life the role of a man has changed little in comparison to how much the role of a women has changed. In Jude the Obscure the you explorer a wide variaty of applied feminen identities. With exagerated properties of the applicaitons, it shows the true rang of diversity in the role of women. Arabella was a radical character in the noval, and many of her actions were considered extreme for her time. She left Jude while in wedlock and was illegally married to another man before she was properly divorced from Jude. She took on the role of the rebel, or one against social laws. Arabella was a symbol of sin, and shown to be as the unfit woman. The woman type of woman to be looked down on. The writer shows he negativity toward her by the way she is always shown unhappy. She was unhappy with jude so she left him. She found another man but there marriage was never legal or real, and as the book progressed she found that she really wanted to be with Jude, who no longer wanted her for what she did to him. Thomas Hardy, the author, was trying to show that her rebel ideals were wrong and for her sins she was punished with enduring unhappiness. Sue on the other hand was on the other end of the spectrum. Sue was very odd, and she even consider herself abnormal and evil, yet represented a woman of virtue and honor. She was a very inteligent woman, and very noble. She represented a woman of class and stature. She was very much desired by other men more for her complexity then anything else. She was a mistery to men and it generated a fierce interest in them. The most interesting fact being she would not let her virginty go. Men were left puzzled and confused. She did however have her negative aspects to her character. She married a man, and then asked to him to live with another. Something like that isn't respected. She used the man she married for selfish reasons, which further explains t ...

Compare and contrast Grand Odalisque and Velazquez's Princess Essay

Compare and contrast Grand Odalisque and Velazquez's Princess - Essay Example The painting also represents an eclectic mix of styles that combine classical form with Romantic themes, which is a contrast to contemporary style and content. â€Å"Las Meninas† (1656) represents a masterpiece of Spanish painting by Diego Velazquez, and one of the most prominent paintings. The painting also doubles up as one of the most controversial and imitated painting in history. The painting depicts a scene from daily life within the palace of Felipe IV in which the Princess is at the centre in the company of her ladies-in-waiting (â€Å"Meninas†). Naturalism of the painting with its impact of spontaneity and relative informality should be understood within the context of Velazquez’s identity as a court painter and a member of the court of Philip IV (Mitchell 58). The painting demonstrates Velazquez skill in the utilization of â€Å"claroscuro† in which the point of light lights up the characters and establishes an order within the composition. I am drawn to these art works owing to the praise and criticism that they draw. Grande Odalisque, for instance, remains one of the Ingres’ most popular nudes given that the anatomical distortions of the odalisque persist to fascinate art fans. The paper compares and contrasts two masterpiece paintings belonging at diverse artistic periods and detailing distinct characteristics of artists’ distinct styles, namely: Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres and Diego Velazquez. Grande Odalisque/Une Odalisque Stylistic Characteristics: Grand Odalisque The painting contains a clear outline and linear style highly typical of the Neoclassic movement; hence, the female figure within the painting is accentuated by light and possess a distinct contour highlighted by the setting of the darker movement. This renders the painting to be highly sensual, realist, and romanticized. Use of space: The body of the nude occupies the entire frame of the canvas in which her head, elbow, and buttock are only few inches away from the edge of the canvas, and her toes extend beyond the bounds of the edge. Techniques: One of the techniques that Ingres employs features his anatomical distortion as seen in the female nude. In Grand Odalisque Ingres drew extended sinuous lines to lengthen her back and pelvis area. Critics claim that the lack of anatomical realism makes her body appears boneless. Use of color: Ingres use of color is carefully planned, whereby he differentiates the warm tones vis a vis the cool colored silk. Lighting: The foreground of painting remains completely unlit heralding focus to the long and affective body of the odalisque. It appears that major spotlight awarded to her body, especially lighting and drawing attention to the areas that he elongates (her arm, back, and pelvis area). Tone: The Grand Odalisque is sensual and erotic, whereby the odalisque is offering herself to the sultan, but offers just a small preview of her body. Brushstroke: Ingres employs tight brushwo rk to attain his near photographic realism. Ingres incorporates the likeness of the texture of the model’s skin, the velvet, and the silk. Cultural Context: Grand Odalisque In the artwork, Ingres has generated a fresh aloof eroticism emphasized by its exotic context. The painting reflects sensual fascination with the orient and portrays his attraction for foreign eroticism. Some art historians cite the elongation of the Odalisque’

Renewable Energy Future for the Developing World Essay

Renewable Energy Future for the Developing World - Essay Example The greatest concern of the major multiples, especially Tesco in regards to political activity, relates to the rulings of the Monopolies and Mergers Commission which can prevent supermarkets from establishing themselves in certain locations because of anti-competition legislation. Similarly, legislation relating to anti-competition activities, such as price fixing and cartel-like activity, can prompt investigation from the Government body known as the Office of Fair Trading (OFT 2011). However, such investigations on a national scale are relatively rare and the large supermarkets are seldom investigated for such activity. There is also a need to consider legislation and regulation, the UK food and retail sector is covered by numerous laws, codes of practice and regulations. One such regulator, Food Standards Agency, has a statutory right to protect the public the consumer in relation to food and drink such as correct labelling, food sell by dates, hygiene etc. There is also European legislation, General food law and Codex (Food Standards Agency 2012). ... K economy has been in and out of recession since 2008, interest rates have been reduced to historic lows to try and stimulate growth and minimize the rise in unemployment, which has risen sharply since 2009 (BBC 2012a). Although the UK food and retail market itself has remained relatively stable because people need food, there have been marked shifts in consumer spending habits as consumers cut back and â€Å"trade down† from premium brands to supermarkets’ own branded labels, or even switch to cheaper rivals (Hall 2011). This is set against the context of rising raw material prices thanks to bad weather, the costs of which have been pushed onto the consumer. For example, according to the RPI (Poulter 2011), the average cost of a basket of â€Å"staple goods† has risen an average of 28% in real terms. It is also important to note this is closely linked to social issues such as changing consumer habits and a decline in Purchasing Power Parity (PPP). In addition to these trends in the retail sector, considering performance of the sector over the past 40 years (See Figure 1), it is expected that there will be the lowest ever growth recorded for 2012 in UK’s retail sector history. The growth rate for 2012 is expected to remain 1.2 %, which is although higher than that of 2011’s growth rate (0.9 %) (SAS 2011). Figure 1: UK Retail Sector’s Growth Rates for Past 40 years (SAS 2011) Social For the UK food retail industry, it is fair to suggest that the recession and subsequent level of decreasing economic growth has caused consumers to become far more price conscious. They are demanding greater value for money and supermarkets are responding with aggressive price cuts and price wars in order to attract and retain customers (Wood 2011). As yet it is too early to determine

Hazardous Waste Transportation Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hazardous Waste Transportation - Term Paper Example In the anticipation of such events, the United States government made the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act in 1976. Today, the act is being implemented under the supervision of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA); and mandates specific rules and regulations regarding the management of these materials. This paper would focus on the hazardous waste transportation as one of the important aspects of the act’s proposed â€Å"cradle-to-grave† program. This would start with knowing what the hazardous wastes are, why there is a need of properly transporting it, what are the specific provisions indicated in the RCRA on transporting these materials, its process and the people, or organizations involved.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are four main things that deem wastes as hazardous. They are hazardous if they are toxic, can catch or readily start a fire, have high reactivity level when combined with other products, or are corrosive (Kovacs 71). The RCRA specifically defined these wastes under solid waste; although it can also include any form of matter. They are â€Å"any garbage, refuse, sludge or other discarded materials, including solid, liquid, or contained gaseous material resulting from industrial, commercial, mining and agricultural operations, and from community activities† (Teets, Reis, and Worrell 21). Any of the materials that contain carcinogenic [can cause cancer], mutagenic [can induce mutation], or teratogenic [can cause malformation or even death to a fetus] elements are considered toxic. Corrosive substances â€Å"include inorganic acid and bases that have the ability to damage or destroy material and living tissue by direct chemical action.† R eactive materials, on the other hand, are those that readily react if combined with other products and â€Å"can cause burns, poisoning, fire or explosion† while flammable materials â€Å"include combustible liquids, flammable solids, flammable gases,

The Socio-Political Background as Manifested in the Novels of Maria Essay

The Socio-Political Background as Manifested in the Novels of Maria Edgeworth, Castle Rackrent, The Absentee, Ormond, and Harrin - Essay Example Though not a report of the exact events that went on, Maria Edgeworth’s stories are generally based on her perspective of the socio-political background and events of her days as she grew up as a young girl in Ireland. To this effect, it is common to find and link each of her writings to specific events in the history of Ireland. In her own little way, this was one more way that Maria Edgeworth thought she could use to trumpet her concerns across to the world at large to be the good judges of the situation of her homeland. While discussing Maria Edgeworth’s novels and other narrative works, literary critics are often eloquent about her close association as well as evident familiarity with the Irish historical events, and postcolonial and historical studies dealing with Ireland as a British dependency. Throughout her growing years, Edgeworth was a keen observer of and witness to all the major historical and political chronological events that changed Ireland. Due to her depiction of the injustices suffered by the native Irish people at the hands of imprudent Anglo-Irish landlords, Edgeworth was popularly known as the Ascendancy writer among literary circles. In almost all the novels, Edgeworth’s narrative style features the simple lifestyle of the native Irish peasantry, the imprudent absenteeism of the Anglo-Irish rulers and landowners, Protestant domination on the native Catholics of Ireland, and all other characteristic features of the eighteenth century Ireland. Undoubtedly, the accolade, ‘Ascendancy writer’ accorded to Maria Edgeworth has its roots in Maria Edgeworth’s role played both as a writer and as a social figure in Ireland in the days of the Protestant Ascendancy. The Protestant Ascendancy was a 25 year long series of events that occurred in Ireland from 1775 to 1800. Though Maria was barely seven years at the time the Ascendancy started, she grew to gain a lot of insight into the whole issue because the Asce ndancy lasted very long. What is more, Maria Edgeworth’s father was an influential Politian of the country at the time of the Protestant Ascendancy and so this offered Maria a lot of useful understanding of the wrongs and rights with the Ascendancy. Starting as an observer at the tender age of seven, Maria Edgeworth grew up to play active role in making her feelings and perspective of the Ascendancy known. For instance through the â€Å"habit of hiding in her father's magistrates' room for the purpose of taking notes of the peculiar manners or expressions of the litigants† (Lawless, 1095), Maria Edgeworth was put in a better position to pass authentic and factual comments of the protestant Ascendancy in her writings. So as her views and perception of the Protestant Ascendancy became so great, Maria Edgeworth was associated with the title ‘Ascendancy Writer’. Going back to give a brief account of the Protestant Ascendancy, as it has a great impact on the wr itings of Maria Edgeworth, it can be inferred that the expression ‘Protestant Ascendancy’ refers to the period in Ireland’s history when a minority of great landowners, protestant clergy and some professionals dominated the political, economic and social terrain of Ireland. The underlining factor was that the minority few who dominated and

Religious Views on Right to Die

Religious Views on Right to Die Julian Martin Public Policy: Right to Die The right to die is one of the most controversial topics addressed by government that has been interpreted into the state laws that have either debated the right or allowed it, however recently with the â€Å"Gonzales vs. Oregon† case where instead of the case being on constitutional grounds where it conflicts with the right of life, was put mainly on administrative law grounds which was shocking for many people. It helped reestablish the power of the â€Å"Death with Dignity Act†, which allows anyone who has a terminal disease to have the permission through voluntary help from a physician to be given lethal medications. The idea of ending someone’s life out of mercy for them with their permission has always been an idea that seems very favorable to those who know they will die and don’t want to suffer, but also of issue to other people especially concerning their religion. Some diseases such as several forms of cancer, Ebola, Creutzfeldt-jakob, AIDS, and others all have a form of pain it inflicts on people either cognitively or through actual unbearable pain that puts into the idea of allowing people to be able to kill themselves civilly and with dignity rather than have them suffer extensively and prolonging the inevitable. Most states, however, see the matter differently and do not allow for terminal patients to kill themselves through the careful attention of a physician who would administer the medications to them, for most argue that it conflicts with the freedom of life as it is protected through the first amendment of the constitution, and although many bills every year pass to enact the right to die in other states, most never are passed. Religion also comes into play when arguing to make the right to die nationwide as it conflicts according to parts of some religions. Christianity and Catholicism both recognize suicide as a form of sin and although it is assisted and done through careful procedures administered from physicians, it is mostly still seen as wrong through most church’s and Christian’s and Catholic’s views. Hinduism has varying points of view on assisted dying as they say it conflicts with the body and soul separating at separate times, along with it affecting both the doctor’s and the patients karma. Some religions, however, are actually very tolerant with the right and actually try to advocate for it to passed as a law, for example, Methodists recognize the right to die as a form of the individual’s freedom, Unitarian Universalists see it as the right of self-determination and allow it, and Evangelical believe it as a moral thing to do, so while most major religions wo uld not normally approve, other religions recognize it through morals. Rabbi Yitzchok Breitowitz also reveals the Jewish standing on the right to die and stresses that, the preservation of life, also known as pikuach nefesh in the Torah, is a very important thing that passes up basically all other commandments of the Torah. Breitowitz also explains that because as a Jewish belief, they believe in the soul rather than just the body, because they see the body as just a vessel for the person’s true spiritual essence. Judaism doesn’t accept the notion of sustaining life for longer than a human should be alive, because Judaism attempts to try and find a balance between the great mitzvah of prolonging life and the recognition that life may be unbearable or difficult as it’s said in the Torah. The Torah also states that the body and the life a person is not our own to do whatever with and with that, have no moral right to kill or hurt anyone else, or to hurt, kill, maim authorize another person to do those things to the person. Frank Pavone, the international Director for the organization â€Å"priests for life† states the Christian view on the right to die comes from the idea that their life is not truly there’s to own, including their death. Pavone states that although the body is in a sense the person’s possession as it was given to them by God, it is still not their body alone as they are not the source of their own existence and is accountable for it to God. With not truly owning the body, Christians do not have the right to claim they have a right to die because a right is a moral claim and that there is no claim on death, rather it has a claim on them and that to this idea, Christians don’t have the authority to prolong their life. Damien Keown, a professor of Buddhist ethics at Goldsmiths College in the University of London, expresses the Buddhist’s stand on the right to die and whether it should be legalized or not by stating that Buddhists generally oppose assisted suicide and euthanasia. This is due to the teachings that show the person that it is morally wrong to destroy human life, including one’s own, even if the intentians are just by attempting to end suffering, insteasd they are taught to have a great respect for life in general even if it is not being lived in an optimal way and by helping another or giving the authorization or being killed in a humane way, it affects both the doctor’s and the patients karma. Buddhists also believe that life really has no reason to be extended further than is required and that one should not go to any extrodinary lengths to try and preserve the life as all that matters is the spirit being in line with life and sustaining good morals and having go od karma. Ayman Shabana, a member of the Islamic Legal Studies Program at Harvard Law School, shows the Islamic point of view on rejecting the legalizing of the right to die by stating that the Islamic teachings condemn the idea physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia because Islam Teaches the idea that God alone and determines how long someone should live and when they should die, which leads to a general reluctance that any kind of idea to end life prematurely because it’s believed by many islams that those decisions should only be held only in the hands of God. The stand on the right to die is also influenced greatly by the belief that the suffering a terminal patient goes through is beneficial as there is a notion that the person has no idea whats good for them or not which leads to the traditional idea of the suffering viewed as a test of fate. The United Church of Christ, however, is one of the few minorities that support the passing of the right to die to be in all states, because according to Reverend Timothy Tutt, the senior minister at Westmoreland Congregational United Church of Christ, they are taught to believe that each and every single person approaches God on their own terms, including the end of life. Despite the minority groups and religions that do support the right to die as both a moral idea and decision, many major religions do not agree with the passing of any bill that would allow this method of death as it would violate their First Amendment right of religion and until the day that major religions such as Christianity or Judaism accept the idea, the right to die will never be seen in any other states other than the few that have already passed it.